Scientists estimate that more
than 60 percent of cancer deaths in the United States are preventable through
lifestyle changes. Although there is no certain way to avoid all cancers,
reducing individual risk factors greatly decreases the likelihood of getting
many forms of this dangerous disease.
The American Chemical Society
estimates that smoking causes nearly 30 percent of all cancer deaths in the
United States — that is, about 166,000 cancer deaths each year. All cancer
deaths caused by tobacco smoking could be prevented completely by not smoking
and not using smokeless tobacco. For those who already smoke, quitting will
reduce the risk of developing cancer. Studies show that after about ten years
of not smoking, a past smoker’s risk lowers to about the level of those who
have never smoked.
After quitting smoking, eating a
healthy diet is the best way to lower the risk of cancer. Certain foods have
been found to protect against cancer. Among these foods are cabbages, tomatoes,
soy products, and foods high in vitamins A, C, and E. In addition, green and
possibly black teas contain compounds that protect the body from cancer-causing
substance.
To lower cancer risk, diets
should include little or no red meat. Other foods to avoid or consume in
moderation (适度地) include sugar, fat from animal products, and salt. Added fats and
oils should come from vegetables, such as olives or corn, rather than from
animal sources. Carbohydrates (碳水化合物) should come from
whole grains, such as brown rice and whole wheat bread, rather than from
processed foods, such as white rice and white bread.
The risk of cancer of the
esophagus (食道)
increases with heavy alcohol consumption, and many studies suggest that
consuming alcoholic drinks increases the risk of breast cancer as well. Studies
show that limiting intake to two drinks a day for men, and one drink per day
for women, reduces cancer risk.
Low levels of physical activity
have been implicated (牵连) in some cancer. Moderate activity for 30 minutes a day enhances
the immune system, shortens the time food takes to move through the intestines
(肠), and changes body composition and hormone levels.
Researchers are studying how these effects might lower cancer
risk.
1.Which of the following is true according
to the author?
A. A person drinking tea
regularly will not be likely to suffer from cancer.
B. Once a smoker has stopped
smoking, there is almost no chance for cancers.
C. A balanced diet is absolutely
effective in preventing one from getting cancer.
D. Those having quitted smoking for 10 years and non-smokers
have less cancer risk.
2.What kind of people increase their chances
of getting cancers?
A. Those whose foods contain less
sugar, animal fat, and salt.
B. Those who are not moderate in
drinking, smoking or eating.
C. Those who have only one or two drinks
regularly per day.
D. Those whose diet contains little red meat
and a lot of vegetables.
3.Which do you think is the best title for
this passage?
A. The relation between food and
disease. B. Causes of different kinds cancers.
C. Tips on lifestyle for cancer prevention. D.
Ways to remain more healthy.
4.We can
infer from the last paragraph that _______.
A. food’s staying in body too long might have
something to do with cancer
B. the reasons why physical activity lowers
cancer risk are clear
C. the more you exercise, the lower cancer
risk you will take
D. plenty of physical exercise is most
important for remaining healthy